{"id":24240,"date":"2024-07-01T14:52:31","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T12:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/exosomes-and-extracellular-vesicles\/"},"modified":"2025-03-27T10:59:38","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T09:59:38","slug":"exosomes-and-extracellular-vesicles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/en\/exosomes-and-extracellular-vesicles\/","title":{"rendered":"Exosomes and extracellular vesicles"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"24240\" class=\"elementor elementor-24240 elementor-24080\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61285ee2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"61285ee2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7770057c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7770057c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Long considered as cellular debris with no biological function, exosomes, and more generally extracellular vesicles (EVs), are now recognized as vectors of biological material with a role in intercellular communication. The building of knowledge on the subject has not only highlighted their role in certain pathologies, but also revealed their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools. <\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46c8306 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"46c8306\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447a9a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"447a9a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Definition and biogenesis <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddebf1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddebf1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles of <strong>various sizes and origins secreted by eukaryotic cells<\/strong>into the extracellular environment. These vesicles <strong>carry a cargo<\/strong> of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, in particular proteins associated with the plasma membrane, the cytosol and those involved in lipid metabolism.<\/p>\n<p>Over the course of time and research, they have been given numerous names, and many subtypes exist, but the most recent nomenclature classifies them into <strong>three main categories<\/strong>&nbsp;: <strong>exosomes<\/strong>, <strong>microvesicles<\/strong> (MVs), and <strong>apoptotic bodies<\/strong>. These three categories are distinguished in particular by their mode of formation, which also has an impact on their protein profile and size&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Exosomes<\/strong> are 30-150nm in size, and <strong>form via the endosomal pathway<\/strong>: exosomal vesicles form by budding inside the membrane of early endosomes, which then transform into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Mature MVBs then either follow the lysosomal pathway to be degraded, or release their contents by exocytosis at the plasma membrane, with exosomes arriving in the extracellular space&nbsp;;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Microvesicles<\/strong> are highly variable in size, ranging from 100 nm &#8211; 1 \u03bcm, and are formed <strong>by outward budding <\/strong>and pinching of the plasma membrane, releasing the newly formed MVs directly into the extracellular environment;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Apoptotic bodies<\/strong> are released by <strong>dying cells<\/strong> into the extracellular space. Their diameter ranges from 50 nm to 5000 nm, with the majority being rather large. These bodies are formed by the separation of the plasma membrane from the cytoskeleton as a result of increased hydrostatic pressure following cell contraction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">The rest of this article will focus on extracellular vesicles produced by non-apoptotic cells, i.e. exosomes and EVs. The term &#8220;extracellular vesicles&#8221; is often used to refer to all vesicles other than exosomes (microvesicles and other subtypes).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75068cd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"75068cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/biogenese-des-exosomes-1024x462.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-24147\" alt=\"biogen\u00e8se exosomes ; formation exosomes ; v\u00e9sicules extracellulaires\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/biogenese-des-exosomes-1024x462.png 1024w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/biogenese-des-exosomes-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/biogenese-des-exosomes-768x346.png 768w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/biogenese-des-exosomes-1536x693.png 1536w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/biogenese-des-exosomes-2048x924.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68b557c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"68b557c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biogenesis of exosomes and microvesicles. \nLeft - adapted from Kowal et al., 2014; right - exosome-secreting cancer cell, Edgar et al., 2016. MVB: multi-vesicular bodies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90d00dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"90d00dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a93b979 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a93b979\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diverse, context-dependent biological functions <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c283ca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c283ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For a long time, exosomes and MVs were seen as a means for cells to eliminate excess and\/or non-functional cellular components. Since then, extensive research has highlighted their role in a wide range of biological processes: <strong>cell maintenance<\/strong> (recycling of cell surface proteins and signaling molecules), <strong>cell-cell communication<\/strong>, angiogenesis, antigen presentation, coagulation, cell homeostasis, inflammation, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to their <strong>ability to transport and transfer a wide variety of active cargoes<\/strong> and deliver them to another cell, whether nearby or far away, extracellular vesicles are capable of modifying the functions of the receiving cell, and thus impacting numerous biological processes. Exosomes have been <strong>isolated from a variety of body fluids<\/strong>, including blood, saliva, plasma, urine, sperm and cerebrospinal fluid. The cell &#8220;receiving&#8221; the exosomes will interact with them by endocytosis, membrane fusion or ligand\/receptor interaction, resulting either in internalization of their contents, or the triggering of signaling cascades, for example.<\/p>\n<p>This impact on biological processes is at play in healthy cells, but also in the <strong>context of numerous pathologies <\/strong>such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections or autoimmune diseases.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d8b079 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d8b079\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medical applications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d50e23b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d50e23b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The potential of VEs and exosomes as biomarkers <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-568edb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"568edb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exosomes and VEs are produced by cells in both healthy and pathological conditions. They contain proteins, lipids, metabolites and nucleic acids that <strong>reflect the physiological state of their cell of origin<\/strong>, making them <strong>a source of biomarkers<\/strong> for clinical diagnosis. In the literature, several biomarkers typical of pathologies have been isolated from exosomes: for Parkinson&#8217;s disease, for example, alpha synuclein has been isolated from plasma exosomes. What&#8217;s more, EVs are present in many bodily fluids: they can therefore be collected <strong>non-invasively<\/strong> by liquid biopsy.<\/p>\n<p>In oncology, diagnosis via exosomal markers could enable<strong> early detection of genetic or phenotypic alterations, <\/strong>thanks in particular to the nucleic acids contained in the vesicles<strong>. <\/strong>This diagnostic approach therefore has a number of advantages over the conventional method of tissue biopsy, which is invasive and biased by tumor heterogeneity. In addition to early diagnosis, exosomes are also of interest for the development of personalized treatments, prognosis and overall treatment monitoring.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fcbc12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fcbc12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The potential of exosomes as therapeutic tools <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9087d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9087d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Two main approaches are used in products currently under development: the use of EVs <strong>as vectors<\/strong>, for targeted drug delivery, and the use of purified <strong>cell-derived<\/strong> EVs as &#8220;active ingredients&#8221;. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5fc624 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b5fc624\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08d7a22 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08d7a22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe00d6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe00d6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exosomes as vectors<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8f21a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8f21a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this approach, exosomes can be loaded with a variety of <strong>therapeutic cargoes<\/strong> depending on treatment needs. Exosomes can be <strong>modified or functionalized<\/strong> to specifically target certain cells or tissues in the body, improving treatment efficacy and precision. As <strong>&#8220;natural transporters<\/strong>&#8220;, exosomes offer considerable advantages: they have low immunogenicity and toxicity, protect their cargo from degradation, and are able to cross the cytoplasmic membrane and the blood-brain barrier. This approach could reduce undesirable side-effects, improve treatment efficacy and reach specific tissues. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b038d06 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b038d06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e587f06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e587f06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cell-derived EVs as therapy<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13dcbc9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13dcbc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With this strategy, EVs, often exosomes, are collected from the culture medium of specific cells: often <strong>stem cells <\/strong>(mesenchymal, neural, etc.) but also cancer cells, platelets, immune cells, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Cell-derived exosomes can be used as therapeutic products in their own right, without the addition of specific cargo. Indeed, exosomes &#8220;inherit&#8221; therapeutic effects similar to those of their parent cells: exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells, for example, have great potential in regenerative medicine. This <strong>&#8220;<em>cell-free<\/em>&#8221; alternative<\/strong> to stem cell treatments could offer several advantages, such as lower immunogenicity and toxicity, easier access, better preservation, and the absence of tumorigenic potential.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f17a143 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f17a143\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3435287 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3435287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exosomal therapies, or the use of exosomes as vectors, are widely investigated approaches in <strong>oncology<\/strong>, with numerous projects in development for the treatment of cancers.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6345b93 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6345b93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1386\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Hussen-B.M-et-al.-2022-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-24151\" alt=\"applications exosomes cancer\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Hussen-B.M-et-al.-2022-1.png 1386w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Hussen-B.M-et-al.-2022-1-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Hussen-B.M-et-al.-2022-1-1024x622.png 1024w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Hussen-B.M-et-al.-2022-1-768x467.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61c48fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61c48fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Potential applications of exosomes in cancer; Hussen, B.M et al., 2022<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ded6350 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ded6350\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-131db14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"131db14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Challenges<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d67989 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d67989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Despite the density of research into extracellular vesicles and exosomes, and the rapid growth of the sector, there are still a number of technical and other challenges to overcome.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16ce36 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b16ce36\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6927230 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6927230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Purification and characterization<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6d9020 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6d9020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Isolation and purification techniques are still <strong>suboptimal and not very standardized<\/strong>. Isolating exosomes is difficult because some components of biological fluids such as lipoproteins or other VEs have sizes that overlap with those of exosomes (30-150 nm).<\/p>\n<p>Added to these difficulties is the <strong>complexity of characterization<\/strong>: in-depth analysis of EV characteristics is often hampered by the heterogeneity of isolates, resulting in a mixed size distribution, and difficulties in profiling vesicle contents.<\/p>\n<p>These issues raise questions about exosome <strong>bioproduction <\/strong>, in terms of <strong>reproducibility, safety and cost<\/strong>. Guidelines and standards need to be defined, in compliance with biopharmaceutical regulations, to enable exosomes to be used in the clinic.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f839547 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f839547\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74acacf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74acacf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dispensing, dosing and pharmacokinetics<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b67c887 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b67c887\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A major challenge for the future development of EVs is to <strong>control their routing to target sites<\/strong> and maintain their efficiency. To achieve this goal, several issues need to be addressed: the frequency of treatment needed to maintain their effect (dosage, half-life of exosomes in tissues, etc.) and the side-effects of treatment, particularly in the long term. A <strong>better understanding of the biology of EVs and exosomes<\/strong>, and in particular of cargo encapsulation mechanisms, is needed to optimize these steps.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5111b5e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5111b5e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16aa1c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16aa1c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Analysis of the market for exosomes and extracellular vesicles <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-170eebe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"170eebe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-299aa74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"299aa74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pipeline<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b6f8b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b6f8b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the field of exosomes and intracellular vesicles is relatively recent, there are currently no <strong>products on the market<\/strong>. Nevertheless, given the promising prospects as a diagnostic tool, therapeutic tool or technological platform, enthusiasm for these approaches is high, resulting in a rich global pipeline with <strong>420 unique products in development<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The majority of products in the pipeline are exosomes (59%), or extracellular vesicles (23%). The latter refer to all vesicles of eukaryotic origin that are not exosomes. Microbial vesicles, such as bacteria&#8217;s <em>outer-membrane vesicles<\/em> (OMVs) or <em>viruses&#8217; virus-like vesicles<\/em> (VLVs), also account for a significant proportion of the pipeline (17%). These projects have been<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> removed from the rest of the analysis<\/span> to focus on the analysis of the exosome and intracellular vesicle pipeline, i.e. <strong>347 unique products<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7244b7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c7244b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0723d87 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0723d87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5728219 elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"5728219\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">products in development<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"420\" data-from-value=\"0\" data-delimiter=\",\">0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfef956 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-pie-chart\" data-id=\"bfef956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-pie-chart.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-pie-chart jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-pie-chart-title-container\"><h4 class=\"jet-pie-chart-title\">Pipeline per type<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-pie-chart-container\" data-chart=\"{&quot;datasets&quot;:[{&quot;data&quot;:[59,23,1,17],&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:[&quot;#00B7BD&quot;,&quot;#A4D233&quot;,&quot;#00968F&quot;,&quot;#585857F5&quot;],&quot;borderWidth&quot;:3,&quot;borderColor&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;hoverBorderColor&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;}],&quot;labels&quot;:[&quot;Exosomes&quot;,&quot;Vesicles&quot;,&quot;Vesicles \\\/ exosomes&quot;,&quot;Microbial vesicles (OMV, VLV, etc.)&quot;]}\" data-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:{&quot;duration&quot;:1000,&quot;easing&quot;:&quot;easeOutQuart&quot;,&quot;animateScale&quot;:false},&quot;legend&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:true,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;reverse&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;labels&quot;:{&quot;boxWidth&quot;:17}},&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true}}\" data-tooltip=\"%\">\n\t\t\t<canvas class=\"jet-pie-chart\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Pipeline per type\"><\/canvas>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-854e474 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"854e474\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-085308c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"085308c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pipeline per phase<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31a5f00 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-bar-chart\" data-id=\"31a5f00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-bar-chart.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-bar-chart jet-elements\">\t\t<div class=\"jet-bar-chart-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;horizontalBar&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;labels&quot;:[&quot;Discovery&quot;,&quot; Preclinical&quot;,&quot; IND\\\/CTA filed&quot;,&quot; Phase 0&quot;,&quot; Phase I&quot;,&quot; Phase II&quot;,&quot; Phase III&quot;],&quot;datasets&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;PIpeline per phase&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:[119,174,12,5,19,18,3],&quot;bg_color&quot;:&quot;#00B7BDF2&quot;,&quot;bg_hover_color&quot;:&quot;#00968F&quot;,&quot;border_color&quot;:&quot;#00B7BD&quot;,&quot;border_hover_color&quot;:&quot;#00968F&quot;,&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;77f23a1&quot;,&quot;__globals__&quot;:{&quot;bg_color&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bg_hover_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=a480e39&quot;,&quot;border_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=92c3af5&quot;,&quot;border_hover_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=a480e39&quot;},&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#00B7BDF2&quot;,&quot;hoverBackgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#00968F&quot;,&quot;borderColor&quot;:&quot;#00B7BD&quot;,&quot;hoverBorderColor&quot;:&quot;#00968F&quot;,&quot;borderWidth&quot;:1}]},&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true},&quot;legend&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;reverse&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;},&quot;maintainAspectRatio&quot;:false,&quot;scales&quot;:{&quot;yAxes&quot;:[{&quot;ticks&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:true,&quot;beginAtZero&quot;:true},&quot;gridLines&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false}}],&quot;xAxes&quot;:[{&quot;ticks&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:true,&quot;beginAtZero&quot;:true},&quot;gridLines&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false}}]}}}\" data-tooltip-prefix=\"\" data-tooltip-suffix=\"\" data-tooltip-separator=\"\" data-axis-separator=\"\" data-labels-length=\"50\">\n\t\t\t<canvas class=\"jet-bar-chart\" role=\"img\"><\/canvas>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fab0bb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fab0bb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>*products under development excluding OMVs and VLVs<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6c453e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d6c453e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4907c11 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4907c11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Projects in the pipeline are mainly in the early stages<em>(discovery<\/em> or pre-clinical), with only <strong>11% in the clinical phase<\/strong>. As the pipeline is quite rich, this corresponds to <strong>40 projects involving EVs or exosomes currently in clinical trials<\/strong>. The five countries with the most products in development are the USA, South Korea, the UK, China and Australia. <strong>The USA and South Korea are far ahead,<\/strong> together accounting for 219 unique products in development, or <strong>63% of the pipeline<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4194bd9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4194bd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-519344d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"519344d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06982a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06982a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pipeline by country<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78dbbc0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"78dbbc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/locations-1-1024x681.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-24155\" alt=\"pipeline exosomes vesicles, countries\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/locations-1-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/locations-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/locations-1-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/locations-1.png 1491w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e508fd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e508fd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb8caf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb8caf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pipeline by therapeutic area<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5ea887 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-bar-chart\" data-id=\"c5ea887\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-bar-chart.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-bar-chart jet-elements\">\t\t<div class=\"jet-bar-chart-container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;bar&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;labels&quot;:[&quot;Oncology&quot;,&quot; Neurology&quot;,&quot; Infectious diseases&quot;,&quot; Immunology&quot;,&quot; Respiratory&quot;,&quot; Cardiovascular&quot;,&quot; Gastrointestinal&quot;,&quot; Dermatology&quot;,&quot; Musculoskeletal disorders&quot;,&quot; Metabolic diseases&quot;],&quot;datasets&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Pipeline indications&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:[72,46,43,37,31,27,26,25,25,13,0],&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;c2d42f2&quot;,&quot;__globals__&quot;:{&quot;bg_hover_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=69dbc66&quot;,&quot;border_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=1b29132&quot;,&quot;border_hover_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=69dbc66&quot;,&quot;bg_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=1b29132&quot;},&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;bg_color&quot;:&quot;#6BA539&quot;,&quot;bg_hover_color&quot;:&quot;#A4D233&quot;,&quot;border_color&quot;:&quot;#6BA539&quot;,&quot;border_hover_color&quot;:&quot;#A4D233&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#6BA539&quot;,&quot;hoverBackgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#A4D233&quot;,&quot;borderColor&quot;:&quot;#6BA539&quot;,&quot;hoverBorderColor&quot;:&quot;#A4D233&quot;,&quot;borderWidth&quot;:1}]},&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true},&quot;legend&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;reverse&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;},&quot;maintainAspectRatio&quot;:false,&quot;scales&quot;:{&quot;yAxes&quot;:[{&quot;ticks&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:true,&quot;beginAtZero&quot;:true},&quot;gridLines&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false}}],&quot;xAxes&quot;:[{&quot;ticks&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:true,&quot;beginAtZero&quot;:true},&quot;gridLines&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false}}]}}}\" data-tooltip-prefix=\"\" data-tooltip-suffix=\"\" data-tooltip-separator=\"\" data-axis-separator=\"\" data-labels-length=\"50\">\n\t\t\t<canvas class=\"jet-bar-chart\" role=\"img\"><\/canvas>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c476093 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c476093\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e62518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e62518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In terms of therapeutic areas, applications are quite varied, as illustrated by the top 10 by number of products in development. The first three targeted indications are <strong>oncology, neurology and infectious diseases<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Among the most advanced projects is ExoFlo\u2122, developed by <strong>Direct Biologics<\/strong>. It is a product containing growth factors and extracellular vesicles, notably exosomes, isolated from mesenchymal stem cells. The candidate is currently in Phase III clinical trials, notably for the treatment of moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, transplant rejection and refractory Crohn&#8217;s disease. <strong>Diasome pharmaceuticals<\/strong> has also begun a Phase III clinical trial for its hepatocyte-targeted vesicle technology (HDV platform), aimed at the targeted delivery of insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a20020f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a20020f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trends &amp; key players<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e159af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e159af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The exosome market is still very new, and is growing year by year with products in development, particularly in clinical applications. This upward trend is illustrated in particular by the number of clinical trials underway bearing the tag &#8221; <em>exosomal therapy<\/em> &#8220;, which has been on the rise overall since 2017.<\/p>\n<p>The hype surrounding exosomes and EVs is also reflected in the large number of players on the market, as well as in <strong>some major deals<\/strong>. Examples include <strong>Evox Therapeutics<\/strong>2020 deals, first with Takeda for a partnership focused on rare diseases worth over $800 million, then a partnership worth over 1 $B with <strong>Eli Lilly<\/strong>, for the treatment of neurological diseases. Both deals concern the development of therapies using Evox Therapeutics exosome-based technology platform. <\/p>\n<p>There have also been a number of fund-raising events for biotechs developing exosomes. Most recently, <strong>EXO Biologics<\/strong> raised $16 million to further develop therapies based on extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cfe41a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0cfe41a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f88d60b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f88d60b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f083c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13f083c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Clinical trials*<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2072e94 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-line-chart\" data-id=\"2072e94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-line-chart.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-line-chart jet-elements\">\t\t<div class=\"jet-line-chart-container chartjs-render-monitor\" data-settings=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;line&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;labels&quot;:[&quot;2016&quot;,&quot;2017&quot;,&quot;2018&quot;,&quot;2019&quot;,&quot;2020&quot;,&quot;2021&quot;,&quot;2022&quot;,&quot;2023&quot;],&quot;datasets&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Clinical trials&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:[0,1,0,7,16,12,14,22],&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;e254ea3&quot;,&quot;__globals__&quot;:{&quot;bg_color&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;border_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=a480e39&quot;,&quot;point_bg_color&quot;:&quot;globals\\\/colors?id=92c3af5&quot;},&quot;bg_color&quot;:&quot;#00B7BD57&quot;,&quot;border_color&quot;:&quot;#00968F&quot;,&quot;point_bg_color&quot;:&quot;#00B7BD&quot;,&quot;index&quot;:0,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#00B7BD57&quot;,&quot;borderColor&quot;:&quot;#00968F&quot;,&quot;borderWidth&quot;:1,&quot;pointBorderColor&quot;:&quot;#00B7BD&quot;,&quot;pointBackgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#00B7BD&quot;,&quot;pointRadius&quot;:1,&quot;pointHoverRadius&quot;:1,&quot;pointBorderWidth&quot;:0}]},&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;legend&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;reverse&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;},&quot;maintainAspectRatio&quot;:false,&quot;scales&quot;:{&quot;stacked&quot;:true,&quot;yAxes&quot;:[{&quot;ticks&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:true,&quot;beginAtZero&quot;:true,&quot;stepSize&quot;:5,&quot;max&quot;:25},&quot;gridLines&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false}}],&quot;xAxes&quot;:[{&quot;ticks&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:true,&quot;beginAtZero&quot;:true,&quot;stepSize&quot;:5,&quot;max&quot;:25},&quot;gridLines&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:false}}]}}}\" data-compare=\"false\" data-previous-label=\"\" data-current-label=\"\" data-compare-labels-type=\"\" data-tooltip-prefix=\"\" data-tooltip-suffix=\"\" data-tooltip-separator=\"\">\n\t\t\t<canvas class=\"jet-line-chart\" role=\"img\"><\/canvas>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88665ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88665ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>*tagged &#8220;exosomal therapy&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b6707e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b6707e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef02da1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef02da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Players<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddb6677 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ddb6677\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Image3-1024x442.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-24163\" alt=\"exosomes entreprises, acteurs, companies\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Image3-1024x442.png 1024w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Image3-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Image3-768x332.png 768w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Image3-1536x664.png 1536w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Image3-2048x885.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a771ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a771ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e04fde elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e04fde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d862a07 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d862a07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b24de7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b24de7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exosomes represent an<strong> innovative and promising modality<\/strong> for regenerative medicine and diagnostics. Their ability to act as natural therapeutic vectors, their potential for early disease diagnosis and their role in regulating biological processes offer vast opportunities for medical applications. Ongoing research efforts have brought projects to the clinical stage, and continue to lead to technical and medical innovations that have the potential to improve the treatment and management of numerous pathologies.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ace20e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2ace20e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6be8dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d6be8dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7da45a4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7da45a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"950\" src=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-23953\" alt=\"Exosomes Immunowatch\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture-2.jpg 674w, https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture-2-213x300.jpg 213w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-566d910 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"566d910\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i>This article is an extract from our <strong>Immunowatch<\/strong> <b>&#8220;Exosomes &amp; Other Extracellular vesicles&#8221; <\/b>published in July 2024. You can download it in full at&nbsp;:<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Immunowatch-Edition-9-Exosomes-Other-Extracellular-Vesicles.pdf\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Immunowatch-Edition-9-Exosomes-Other-Extracellular-Vesicles.pdf\">Immunowatch &#8211; Edition 9 &#8211; Exosomes &amp; Other extracellular Vesicles<\/a><\/a><\/strong><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Our other watches are available on the dedicated page :&nbsp;<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e1c2c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e1c2c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a7275d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60a7275d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>If you&#8217;re looking for <b>support for your projects <\/b>involving exosomes and extracellular vesicles, don&#8217;t hesitate to explore our<\/em><i style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/en\/presentation\/\">range of services<\/a><\/i><em>and contact us for further information.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>We&#8217;d be delighted to use our expertise to help you achieve your goals!<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-411e8458 elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"411e8458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"mailto:services@mabdesign.fr?subject=Offre%20de%20services%20\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact us<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c423b elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"02c423b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/mabdesign-watchs\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Watchs<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5c7fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3a5c7fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8f22ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a8f22ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1160598f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1160598f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol>\n<li>GlobalData April 2024<\/li>\n<li>Di Bella, M. A. (2022). Overview and Update on Extracellular Vesicles: Considerations on Exosomes and Their Application in Modern Medicine. <em>Biology<\/em>, <em>11<\/em>(6), 804. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11060804\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11060804<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Doyle, L. M., &amp; Wang, M. Z. (2019). Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis. <em>Cells<\/em>, <em>8<\/em>(7), 727. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8070727\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8070727<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Edgar, J. R. (2016). Q&amp;A : What are exosomes, exactly? <em>BMC Biology<\/em>, <em>14<\/em>(1), 46. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12915-016-0268-z\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12915-016-0268-z<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gao, M., Gao, W., Papadimitriou, J. M., Zhang, C., Gao, J., &amp; Zheng, M. (2018). Exosomes-The enigmatic regulators of bone homeostasis. <em>Bone Research<\/em>, <em>6<\/em>(1), 1-13. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-018-0039-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-018-0039-2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hussen, B. M., Faraj, G. S. H., Rasul, M. F., Hidayat, H. J., Salihi, A., Baniahmad, A., Taheri, M., &amp; Ghafouri-Frad, S. (2022). Strategies to overcome the main challenges of the use of exosomes as drug carrier for cancer therapy. <em>Cancer Cell International<\/em>, <em>22<\/em>(1), 323. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12935-022-02743-3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12935-022-02743-3<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kowal, J., Tkach, M., &amp; Th\u00e9ry, C. (2014). Biogenesis and secretion of exosomes. <em>Current Opinion in Cell Biology<\/em>, <em>29<\/em>, 116-125. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceb.2014.05.004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceb.2014.05.004<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mosquera-Heredia, M. I., Morales, L. C., Vidal, O. M., Barcel\u00f3, E., Silvera-Redondo, C., V\u00e9lez, J. I., &amp; Garavito-Galofre, P. (2021). Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets. <em>Biomedicines<\/em>, <em>9<\/em>(8), 1061. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9081061\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9081061<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Muthu, S., Bapat, A., Jain, R., Jeyaraman, N., &amp; Jeyaraman, M. (2021). Exosomal therapy-A new frontier in regenerative medicine. <em>Stem Cell Investigation<\/em>, <em>8<\/em>, 7. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/sci-2020-037\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/sci-2020-037<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Tan, F., Li, X., Wang, Z., Li, J., Shahzad, K., &amp; Zheng, J. (2024). Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes. <em>Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy<\/em>, <em>9<\/em>(1), 1-31. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01704-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01704-0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wang, X., Tian, L., Lu, J., &amp; Ng, I. O.-L. (2022). Exosomes and cancer-Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle. <em>Oncogenesis<\/em>, <em>11<\/em>(1), 1-12. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41389-022-00431-5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41389-022-00431-5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.labiotech.eu\/trends-news\/evox-therapeutics-eli-lilly\/\">https:\/\/www.labiotech.eu\/trends-news\/evox-therapeutics-eli-lilly\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bioinformant.com\/exosomes\">https:\/\/bioinformant.com\/exosomes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Long considered as cellular debris with no biological function, exosomes, and more generally extracellular vesicles (EVs), are now recognized as vectors of biological material with a role in intercellular communication. The building of knowledge on the subject has not only highlighted their role in certain pathologies, but also revealed their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":24173,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,181],"tags":[163,242,151,98,259,152],"class_list":["post-24240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bio-hub-en","category-watchs-en","tag-biomedicaments-en","tag-biopharmaceuticals-en","tag-exosomes-en","tag-innovation-en","tag-other-biologics","tag-vesicles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Exosomes and extracellular vesicles - MabDesign<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Today, exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mabdesign.fr\/en\/exosomes-and-extracellular-vesicles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exosomes and extracellular vesicles - 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